Outline of the Daf: Shabbos 116-120
Kollel Iyun Hadaf
kornfeld at netvision.net.il
Wed Aug 24 18:21:02 EDT 2005
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
daf at dafyomi.co.il, http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
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Shabbos 116
1) THE PARSHA OF "VA'YEHI BINSO'A"
(a) (Beraisa): There are Simanim (an inverted Nun before and
after) Parashas "Va'Yhi bi'Nso'a ha'Aron", to teach that
this is not its proper place;
(b) Rebbi says, there are Simanim because this Parashah
itself is a Sefer.
(c) Question: Like which Tana is the following teaching?
1. (R. Shmuel bar Nachmani): "Chatzvah Amudeha Shiv'ah"
- these are the seven Seforim of the Torah.
(d) Answer: It is like Rebbi (from the beginning of Bamidbar
until "Va'Yhi bi'Nso'a", Parashas "Va'Yhi bi'Nso'a", and
the rest of Bamidbar count like three Seforim).
(e) Question: Who is the Tana that argues with Rebbi?
(f) Answer: It is R. Shimon ben Gamliel:
1. (Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Gamliel): Ultimately,
Parashas "Va'Yhi bi'Nso'a" will be uprooted from
here and written in its proper place;
2. It was written here to separate between two
punishments of Benei Yisrael - the latter was
"Va'Yhi ha'Am k'Mis'onanim" (they complained about
the journey, and Hashem killed some of them] ;
3. The former was "Va'Yis'u me'Har Hashem";
i. (Rav Chama bar Chanina): They veered from
Hashem (Rashi - they started lusting for meat
(even though this is written *after* Va'Yhi
ha'Am k'Mis'onanim. Tosfos - they were eager to
leave Sinai lest they get more Mitzvos.
Maharsha - we expound this, for it is not
called Har Hashem anywhere else. The punishment
was that the Aron was distanced three days from
Benei Yisrael, corresponding to three days in
which they did not learn.)
(g) Question: What is the proper place for this Parashah?
(h) Answer (Rav Ashi): It belongs by the Degalim (grouping of
the Shevatim into four sets of three).
2) DO WE SAVE "GILYONIM" OF "SEFARIM" ON SHABBOS?
(a) Question: Do we save Gilyonim (blank areas of parchment)
of a Sefer from a fire?
(b) Answer #1 (Beraisa): If 85 intact letters can be found in
a deteriorated Sefer Torah, like Parashas "Va'Yhi
bi'Nso'a ha'Aron", we may save it from a fire; if not,
not.
1. We may not save it on account of the margins!
(c) Rejection: A deteriorated Sefer Torah is different (once
it deteriorated, also the margins lost their Kedushah).
(d) Answer #2 (Beraisa): If the letters in a Sefer Torah were
erased, if 85 intact letters can be found, like Parashas
"Va'Yhi bi'Nso'a ha'Aron", we may save it from a fire; if
not, not.
1. We may not save it on account of the parchment that
used to be written on!
(e) Rejection: We do not ask about the parchment that used to
be written on - surely, its Kedushah is on account of the
writing, when the writing departs, its Kedushah departs;
1. We ask about the margins above and below, between
Parshiyos, between columns [of text], and at the
beginning and end of a Sefer.
(f) Suggestion: Even so, the Beraisa answers our question (we
save only on account of 85 letters, not on account of
these margins)!
(g) Rejection: The case is, all of these margins were cut off
[only the parchment that used to be written on remained].
(h) Answer #3 (Mishnah): (Chachamim decreed that Kisvei
ha'Kodesh are Metamei hands (above, 14A).) The margins
above and below, between Parshiyos, between columns, and
at the beginning and end of a Sefer are Metamei hands.
(This shows that they have Kedushas Sefer!)
(i) Rejection: Perhaps that is only when the writing is
intact (we ask about after the writing was erased).
(j) Answer #4 (Beraisa): One may not save Gilyonim or Sifrei
Minim (those written by heretics) from a fire, we let
them burn, with the Azkaros (names of Hashem).
1. Suggestion: This refers to Gilyonim of a proper
Sefer.
(k) Answer: No, it refers to Gilyonim of Sifrei Minim.
(l) Question: One may not save Sifrei Minim, there is no need
to say that one may not save their Gilyonim!
(m) Answer: It means, Sifrei Minim are like Gilyonim (blank
parchments that were never written on).
(n) (Beraisa): One may not save Gilyonim or Sifrei Minim from
a fire;
(o) R. Yosi says, on a weekday one cuts out the Azkaros and
buries them, the rest we burn.
(p) R. Tarfon: I swear, if I find one I will burn it with the
Azkaros!
1. If one is pursued by one who wants to kill him or by
a snake, one may enter a house of idolatry, but not
a Min's house - idolaters do not recognize Hashem
and deny Him (this is how they were raised), Minim
recognize Hashem and deny Him!
2. It says about Minim "V'Achar ha'Deles veha'Mezuzah
Samt Zichronech" (they remember Hashem and cast Him
aside).
(q) R. Yishmael says, we learn from a Kal va'Chomer - to make
Shalom between a man and his wife (a Sotah suspected of
adultery) the Torah commands to erase Hashem's name,
which was written in Kedushah, into water - Minim, who
arouse envy and animosity between Yisrael and Hashem, all
the more so their Azkaros should be eradicated -
"Mesan'echa Esna uvi'Skomemecha Eskotat; Tachlis Sin'ah
Seneisim".
(r) Just like we do not save them from a fire, we do not save
them [even during the week] from a house that collapsed,
from water, or anything [else] that will destroy them.
3) REFUTING HERETICS
(a) Question (Yosef bar Chanin): Do we save Seforim of Beis
Avidan (debates between Minim and Yisrael)?
(b) R. Avahu could not give a definitive answer.
(c) Rav would not go to Beis Avidan, all the more so not to
Beis Nitzrefei (a particular house of idolatry);
(d) Shmuel would not go to Beis Nitzrefei, but he would go to
Beis Avidan.
(e) People asked Rava why he doesn't go to Beis Avidan; he
attributed this to a date tree in the way. They offered
to uproot it; he said that still, it would be difficult
to pass through the area (a very frail excuse).
(f) Mar bar Yosef knew the people there, he did not fear to
go - once, he went and was almost killed.
(g) R. Eliezer's wife, Eima Shalom, was the sister of R.
Gamliel. One of their neighbors was a Min who publicized
that he judges without taking bribes (he took covertly).
They wanted to mock him (publicly expose him).
116b-----------116b
(h) She brought to him a gold lamp; she said that she wants
to inherit a share of her father's estate - he authorized
this.
(i) R. Gamliel: Our Torah says that a daughter does not
inherit when there are sons!
(j) The Min: From when Yisrael were exiled, Torah was taken
from you, a new Sefer was given to you - it says that
daughters and sons inherit equally.
(k) The next day R. Gamliel brought to him a donkey of Luva.
(l) The Min: The end of the new Sefer says 'I do not come to
detract nor add to the Torah of Moshe', and Moshe's Torah
says that a daughter does not inherit when there are
sons!
(m) Eima Shalom: Let your wisdom illuminate like a lamp
(remember the bribe I gave to you)!
(n) R. Gamliel: The donkey knocked over the lamp (my bribe
overcame yours)!
4) THE PROHIBITION AGAINS READING "KISVEI HA'KODESH" ON SHABBOS
(a) (Mishnah): We may not read in them [for this draws people
away from the Beis Medrash].
(b) (Rav): It is forbidden only at the time of [the lecture
in] the Beis Medrash - at other times one may read them;
(c) (Shmuel): It is forbidden even at other times.
(d) Objection: Shmuel was the Chacham of Neharda'a, and in
Neharda'a they would learn Kesuvim on Shabbos afternoon!
(e) Answer #1 - Correction: Rather, Rav forbids only in a
Beis Medrash [where a Chacham teaches] - in other places
he permits;
1. (Shmuel): At the time the Chacham teaches, it is
forbidden in the Beis Medrash and outside; when he
is not teaching it is permitted everywhere.
2. This is consistent with the custom in Neharda'a to
learn Kesuvim on Shabbos afternoon.
(f) Answer #2 (Rav Ashi): The original version was correct -
Shmuel holds like R. Nechemyah:
1. (Beraisa): Even though Chachamim forbid reading
Kisvei ha'Kodesh, one may expound them; if one needs
to see a verse, he may bring the Sefer and read it;
2. R. Nechemyah says, they forbade reading Kisvei
ha'Kodesh in order that people will reason - if it
is forbidden to read Kisvei ha'Kodesh, all the more
so secular documents are forbidden!
5) DO WE ALLOW SAVING MORE THAN WHAT IS ESSENTIAL?
(a) (Mishnah): We may save the case of a Sefer or Tefilin
with the Sefer or Tefilin, even if there are coins
inside;
(b) Question: To where may we [take them to] save them?
(c) Answer #1: We may take them to a Mavuy (alleyway) that is
not Mefulash (open - this will be defined);
(d) Answer #2 (Ben Beseira): We may take them even to a Mavuy
Mefulash.
(e) (Gemara - Beraisa - R. Yishmael, son of R. Yochanan ben
Brokah): If Erev Pesach is on Shabbos, the Korban Pesach
is flayed until the chest (on Shabbos), the rest is
flayed at night;
1. Chachamim say, it is flayed entirely on Shabbos.
(f) Question: We understand R. Yishmael - he allows only what
is necessary for the Avodah (to remove the Eimurim (e.g.
Chelev) that are burned on the Mizbe'ach);
1. Why do Chachamim permit flaying it entirely?
(g) Answer (Rabah bar bar Chanah): "Kol Po'al Hashem
la'Ma'anehu" (we do whatever is necessary to honor
Hashem).
(h) Question: How does flaying it entirely honor Hashem?
(i) Answer #1 (Rav Yosef): This [cools the meat, which]
prevents it from rotting.
(j) Answer #2 (Rabah): It would be dishonorable if Kodshei
Hashem lied around [half-flayed] like a carcass.
1. Question: What is the difference between these
answers?
2. Answer #1: If the animal was on a gold table, it
would not be dishonorable, but there is still
concern lest it rot.
3. Answer #2: On a day when the north wind blows, there
is no concern lest it rot, but it is dishonorable.
(k) Question: How does R. Yishmael expound "Kol Po'al Hashem
la'Ma'anehu"?
(l) Answer: This forbids removing the Eimurim before flaying
it.
(m) Question: What is the reason?
(n) Answer (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Noson): We do not want hairs
(wool) to stick to the Eimurim.
(o) Question: What was Chachamim's response to R. Yishmael?
(p) Answer #1 (Rav Chisda): They said, if we may save the
case of a Sefer with the Sefer, all the more so we can
flay Pesach entirely!
(q) Objection: We cannot learn from a Sefer - there, we are
lenient about mere Tiltul (moving something, which is
forbidden only mid'Rabanan) - flaying is a Melachah!
(r) Answer #2A (Rav Ashi): They argue about Tiltul (R.
Yishmael forbids moving the Pesach after the Eimurim were
removed, for the skin is still attached) and Melachah;
1. Chachamim: If we may save the case of a Sefer with
the Sefer, all the more so we can move the skin on
account of the meat attached!
(s) Objection: We cannot learn from a Sefer - there, the case
is a Bosis for (serves) something permitted - here, the
skin is a Bosis for something forbidden!
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
daf at dafyomi.co.il, http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Shabbos 117
6) LEARNING ABOUT THE "KORBAN PESACH" FROM SAVING A "SEFER TORAH"
(a) Answer #2B: Rather, they said, if we may save a case with
a Sefer, even though there are coins inside, all the more
so we can move the skin on account of the meat!
(b) Objection: We cannot learn from there - there, the case
is a Bosis for Isur (coins are Muktzeh) and Heter (the
Sefer) - here, the skin is a Bosis only for Isur!
(c) Answer #2C: Rather, they said, if we may bring a case
with coins inside in order to save a Sefer Torah, all the
more so we can move the skin on account of the meat!
(d) Question: What is the source that we may bring a case
with coins inside in order to save a Sefer Torah?
1. Suggestion: Since the Tana of our Mishnah does not
require dumping out the coins when the Sefer is
already in the case, it is likewise permitted to
bring a case with coins.
2. Rejection: When the Sefer is already in the case, he
need not dump out the coins, lest in the meantime
the Sefer will burn;
i. When he must go to bring a case, he can dump
out the coins on the way [without losing any
time]!
(e) Defense of Answer #1 (Mar bar Rav Ashi): (Really,
Chachamim learn from saving the case to flaying.) The
objection was that we cannot learn from Tiltul to
Melachah - the case is, he does not need [or intend to
flay] the skin,
(f) Question: But Abaye and Rava both say that R. Shimon
agrees about a Pesik Reisha, it is as if he intended!
(g) Answer: He flays thin strips (it is not normal to flay
this way, it is forbidden only mid'Rabanan).
2) TO WHERE MAY WE SAVE ITEMS ON SHABBOS?
(a) (Mishnah) Question: To where may we save them? [Chachamim
permit to a Mavuy that is not Mefulash, Ben Beseira
permits even to a Mavuy Mefulash.]
(b) Question: What is a Mavuy Mefulash, and what is not
Mefulash?
(c) Answer #1 (Rav Chisda): If there are three walls and two
Lechayayim (vertical posts, one on each end of the fourth
side), it is not Mefulash; if there are three walls and
one Lechi, it is Mefulash;
1. Both Tana'im hold like R. Eliezer.
2. (Mishnah - Beis Shamai): To permit [carrying in] a
Mavuy, we need a Lechi and a Korah (horizontal beam
over the opening);
3. Beis Hillel say, we need a Lechi *or* a Korah;
4. R. Eliezer says, we need two Lechayayim.
(d) Objection #1 (Rabah): If there are three walls and a
Lechi, you cannot call it Mefulash!
(e) Objection #2 (Rabah): If Chachamim require three walls
and two Lechayayim (one may carry anything there), they
should permit even to save food and drink!
(f) Answer #2 (Rabah): If there are two walls and two
Lechayayim (one on each end of one of the open sides), it
is not Mefulash; if there are two walls and one Lechi, it
is Mefulash;
1. Both Tana'im hold like R. Yehudah.
2. (Beraisa): R. Yehudah said an even bigger Chidush -
if one owns two houses on opposite sides of Reshus
ha'Rabim, he puts a Lechi on each side (of one
house, near it) and he may carry in the middle. (He
holds that two walls make a Reshus ha'Yachid
mid'Oraisa; the posts are needed to permit carrying
even mid'Rabanan.)
3. Chachamim: That is not a proper Eiruv [to permit
carrying] in Reshus ha'Rabim!
(g) Objection (Abaye): Also according to you, Chachamim
[permit carrying anything there, they] should permit even
to save food and drink! (Tosfos - Rabah holds that
Chachamim of our Mishnah hold like R. Yehudah only
regarding Kisvei ha'Kodesh; Abaye says that it is
unreasonable to make such a distinction.)
117b-----------117b
(h) Answer #3 (Rav Ashi): If there are three walls and one
Lechi, it is not Mefulash; if there are three walls and
no Lechi, it is Mefulash;
1. Even R. Eliezer requires two Lechayayim only for
food and drink - he permits saving a Sefer Torah
with only one Lechi.
3) SAVING FOOD FROM A FIRE ON SHABBOS
(a) (Mishnah): One may save three meals of food - what is
fitting for people one saves for people, what is fitting
for animals one saves for animals.
(b) If the fire was on Shabbos night [before the evening
meal], one may save three meals; if it was on Shabbos
morning [before the morning meal], one may save two
meals; if it was on Shabbos afternoon [before the third
meal], one may save one meal;
(c) R. Yosi says, no matter when it was, one may save three
meals.
(d) (Gemara) Question: It is permitted to save food (it is
not Muktzeh, we save only to a place where one may carry)
- there should not be any limit!
(e) Answer #1 (Rava): Because a person is frantic about
[losing] his money, if we permit him to save without
limit, he may extinguish the fire.
(f) Question (Abaye - Beraisa): If a barrel broke on the
roof, one may bring and put a Kli on the ground below [to
collect the contents], but he may not bring a Kli to
catch the falling stream in midair or where it leaves the
roof. (Tosfos Shabbos - up to three meals it is permitted
to catch; Pri Megadim forbids catching any amount in the
air with a second Kli.)
1. Why would we decree not to catch the stream?
(g) Answer (Rava): There also, we decree lest he bring a Kli
through Reshus ha'Rabim.
(h) (Beraisa): If a barrel broke on the roof, one put a Kli
on the ground, but he may not bring a Kli to catch the
stream in midair or near the roof.
(i) If he had guests, this is permitted.
(j) He may not catch and then invite guests, rather, first he
invites, then he may catch.
(k) One may not scheme (invite guests that do not need to
eat);
(l) R. Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah permits scheming.
(m) Suggestion: They argue like R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua:
1. (Beraisa): If an animal and its child fell into a
pit [on Yom Tov - the owner wants to bring both
animals up, but he may not use (slaughter) both
today]:
2. R. Eliezer says, he brings one animal up with intent
to slaughter it today - he [may not bring up the
other, he] brings food down to sustain the other;
3. R. Yehoshua says, he brings one animal up with
intent to slaughter it today, then decides that he
would rather slaughter the other today, permitting
him to bring it up - then, he may slaughter either.
(n) Rejection: Perhaps R. Eliezer does not permit scheming
there because it is possible to feed the animal in the
pit [there will not be a loss], but he would permit
regarding the barrel [he has no other way to save]!
1. Also - perhaps R. Yehoshua permits scheming there to
avoid pain to animals, but he would forbid regarding
the barrel, where this does not apply!
(o) (Beraisa): If one [already] saved clean bread [for three
meals] one may not save inferior (bran) bread (surely, he
prefers the clean bread); if he saved inferior bread, he
may save clean bread.
(p) One may save on Yom Kipur to eat on [Motzei Yom Kipur, if
this is] Shabbos; one may not save on Shabbos to eat on
[Motzei] Yom Kipur (alternatively - for children to eat
on Yom Kipur) [when Yom Kipur is on Motzei Shabbos];
1. There is no need to say that one may not save on
Shabbos to eat on Yom Tov.
(q) (Beraisa): (They used to bake bread by sticking dough to
walls of an oven.) If one forgot to remove bread from the
oven before Shabbos, he may save three meals worth of
bread; he may tell others to take for themselves;
1. He may not unstick the bread with a Mardah (the Kli
used for this), rather, he uses a knife.
(r) Question (Beraisa - Tana d'vei R. Yishmael): "Lo Sa'aseh
Chol Melachah" - this excludes blowing a Shofar and
unsticking bread, for these are Chachmos, not Melachos.
(s) Answer: [Even though they are not Melachos,] we deviate
as much as possible [from the way we do things during the
week].
4) THE MEALS ONE MUST EAT ON SHABBOS
(a) (Rav Chisda): One should begin to prepare for Shabbos
early on Erev Shabbos (right after Shacharis; Bi'ur
Halachah - some say, even before praying) - "V'Hayah
ba'Yom ha'Shishi v'Hechinu Es Asher Yavi'u" - they
prepared right after bringing [the Man, which was early
in the morning].
(b) (R. Aba): On Shabbos one must Botze'a on two loaves, to
fulfill "Lechem Mishnah".
(c) Rav Ashi: I saw Rav Kahana hold two loaves and cut one.
(d) R. Zeira would cut a large piece to suffice for the
entire meal.
(e) Ravina: But that looks like gluttony!
(f) Rav Ashi: Since he does so only on Shabbos, it does not
look like gluttony.
(g) When R. Ami and R. Asi would eat bread used for an Eruv
[Chatzeros], they would bless on it - since it was used
for one Mitzvah, it is good to use it for another.
(h) (Mishnah): If the fire [was on Shabbos night...]
(i) (Beraisa) Question: How many meals must one eat on
Shabbos?
(j) Answer #1: He must eat three meals;
(k) Answer #2 (R. Chidka): He must eat four meals.
(l) (R. Yochanan): Both of them expound the same verse:
1. "Ichluhu ha'Yom Ki Shabbos ha'Yom la'Shem ha'Yom Lo
Simtza'uhu ba'Sadeh" - R. Chidka holds that the
three times it says "ha'Yom" allude to three meals
[during the daytime], not including the Shabbos
night meal;
2. Chachamim hold that they allude to three meals
including the Shabbos night meal.
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
daf at dafyomi.co.il, http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Shabbos 118
1) WHOSE OPINION IS REFLECTED IN THE MISHNAH?
(a) (Mishnah): If the fire was on Shabbos night, one may save
three meals.
1. Suggestion: It was before eating the evening meal
(it is like Chachamim, who say that one eats three
meals on Shabbos)!
2. Rejection: No, it was after eating (it is like R.
Chidka, who says that one eats three meals after the
evening meal)!
(b) (Mishnah): If the fire was on Shabbos morning, one may
save two meals.
1. Suggestion: It was before eating (it is like
Chachamim).
2. Rejection: No, it was after eating.
(c) (Mishnah): If the fire was on Shabbos afternoon, one may
save one meal.
1. Suggestion: It was before eating.
2. Rejection: No, it was after eating.
(d) Question (Seifa - R. Yosi): No matter when it was, one
may save three meals.
1. This implies that the first Tana agrees that we eat
three meals on Shabbos (but he only allows saving
for remaining meals)!
(e) Conclusion: Our Mishnah is unlike R. Chidka.
(f) Question (Mishnah): One who has food for two meals may
not take from the Tamchuy (food that is collected and
distributed daily to the poor), one who has food for 14
meals may not take from the Kupah (money collected and
distributed weekly to those ashamed to take from the
Tamchuy).
1. This is not like either Tana!
2. Chachamim hold that one eats 15 meals each week [two
each weekday, and three on Shabbos], R. Chidka adds
one more, i.e. 16!
(g) Answer #1: Really, it is like Chachamim - the third
Shabbos meal is eaten [shortly before evening,] in place
of what the Oni would normally eat at night on Motzei
Shabbos.
(h) Suggestion: It is like Chachamim, it is unlike R. Chidka!
(i) Rejection and Answer #2: It can even be like R. Chidka -
[also] the Shabbos night meal is in place of what the Oni
would normally eat during the day on Erev Shabbos!
(j) Rejection: It is unreasonable to require him to fast [any
day, but especially] Erev Shabbos! (Ta'anis 26A -
Ma'amados do not fast on Erev Shabbos, because it is
dangerous.)
(k) Answer #3: It is like R. Akiva, who says that it is
better to conduct on Shabbos like on a weekday [and have
only two meals] than to (Mishnah Berurah 242:1 - begin
to) receive Tzedakah. (Regarding Shabbos meals, it can be
like Chachamim or R. Chidka.)
(l) (Mishnah): If an Oni passes through a city, we do not
give less than a loaf bought for a Pundiyon (a 12th of a
Dinar) when four Sa'im of wheat sell for a Sela (four
Dinarim - it follows that a Pundiyon buys a 12th of a
Se'ah, the size of the loaf is half of this (the baker
takes half the price for his expenses and labor), i.e. 18
eggs. The loaf is for the two meals he eats in one day.)
1. If he will stay for the night, we provide what he
needs for the night;
2. If it is Shabbos, we give him food for three meals.
(m) Suggestion: This is like Chachamim, it is unlike R.
Chidka!
(n) Rejection: It is even like R. Chidka - the case is, he
already has a meal with him, he will eat it for the
fourth Shabbos meal.
(o) Question: Will we send him away with nothing?!
(p) Answer: We give him a meal when he leaves.
(q) Question: What are 'needs for the night'? (We give a
night meal even if he will not stay!)
(r) Answer: It is a bed and felt to put under his head.
2) THE REWARD FOR HONORING SHABBOS
(a) (Beraisa): One may wash bowls that he ate in on Shabbos
night for the sake of Shabbos morning; one may wash bowls
used Shabbos morning for the sake of Shabbos afternoon;
(b) One may not wash [on Shabbos] bowls used Shabbos
afternoon [since he will not eat another meal on
Shabbos];
(c) One may wash cups, jugs and flasks at any time, for one
does not fix times for drinking.
(d) (R. Shimon ben Pazi): The three Shabbos meals are learned
from three times it says "Yom"; one who fulfills them is
saved from three harsh "Yomim" - the birth pangs of
Moshi'ach, judgment in Gehinom, and the war of Gog and
Magog:
1. Regarding birth pangs of Moshi'ach it says "Hine
Anochi Shole'ach Lachem Es Eliyahu ha'Navi Lifnei Bo
Yom Hashem"; we learn from there to judgment in
Gehinom and to the war of Gog and Magog, about which
it also says "Yom" - "Yom Evrah ha'Yom ha'Hu",
"B'Yom Bo Gog"
(e) (R. Yochanan): Anyone who makes Shabbos a delight
receives an inheritance without boundaries - "Az Tis'anag
Al Hashem...v'Ha'achalticha Nachalas Yakov" (Beis Yosef -
this is Midah k'Neged Midah, for spending to honor
Shabbos without limit);
118b-----------118b
1. It is not like the [limited] inheritance promised to
Avraham, "Kum His'halech ba'Aretz l'Arkah
[ul'Rachbah]", or that promised to Yitzchak, "Ki
Lecha ul'Zar'acha Eten Es Kol ha'Aratzos ha'El";
2. Rather, it is like what was promised to Yakov,
"U'Foratzta Yamah va'Kedmah v'Tzafonah va'Negbah".
(f) (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): He is saved from servitude in
Galus - "V'Atah Al Bamoseimu Sidroch".
(g) (Rav Yehudah): He is given his heart's desires - "
V'His'anag Al Hashem va'Yiten Lecha Mish'alos Libecha";
1. Question: What 'Oneg' does the verse discuss
("V'His'anag")?
2. Answer: "V'Korasa la'Shabos Oneg".
(h) Question: How does one makes Shabbos a delight?
(i) (Rav Yehudah bar Shmuel): One eats a dish of spinach, big
fish and heads of garlic (these were prestigious foods).
(j) (R. Chiya bar Ashi): Even a small matter for the honor of
Shabbos fulfills Oneg.
(k) Question: What is this small matter?
(l) Answer (Rav Papa): It is fish fried in its own oil with
flour.
(m) (R. Chiya bar Aba): Anyone who guards Shabbos properly,
even if he serves idolatry like the generation of Enosh,
he will be forgiven - "Ashrei Enosh Ya'aseh Zos...[Shomer
Shabos] *me'Chalelo*" - we read this 'Machul Lo' (he is
forgiven).
(n) (Rav Yehudah): Had [all of] Yisrael observed the first
Shabbos, no nation could have ruled over them - it says
"Va'Yhi ba'Yom ha'Shevi'i Yotz'u Min ha'Am Lilkot", and
afterwards "Va'Yavo Amalek". (Tosfos 87B asks, this was
not the first Shabbos - Hashem commanded them about
Shabbos in Marah, the Man fell more than a week later!
Tosfos ha'Rosh - Moshe did not tell Yisrael until the Man
fell, it was the first Shabbos after Yisrael were
commanded.)
(o) (R. Yochanan): If Yisrael would observe two Shabbosos
properly, they would be redeemed immediately - it says
"Asher Yishmeru Es Shabsosai", and shortly afterwards it
says "Va'Havi'osim El Har Kodshi". (Tosfos Nidah 13A -
there is a storehouse of Neshamos that must be born
before the redemption - women would have multiple births
to fulfill this speedily.)
(p) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who eat three
meals on Shabbos! (He said this because people do not
realize how important it is.)
3) R. YOSI'S DICTUMS
(a) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who finish
Hallel every day.
1. Question: But it was taught that one who says Hallel
every day blasphemes! (Rashi - Hallel was enacted to
thank Hashem at certain times - if one says it every
day, it is a mere song! Maharsha - the enactment was
to publicize Hashem's miracles done at certain times
- if one says it every day, he does not publicize
these miracles - it is as if he denies Hashem's
ability.)
2. Answer: R. Yosi refers to those who say two psalms
of praise in Pesukei d'Zimra ("Halelu Es Hashem Min
ha'Shomayim..." and "Halelu Kel b'Kodsho").
(b) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who pray when
the sun is red (Shacharis at sunrise, and Minchah at
sunset)!
1. (R. Chiya bar Aba): It is a Mitzvah to pray when the
sun is red.
2. (R. Zeira): He learns from "Yira'ucha Im Shamesh
v'Lifnei Yare'ach Dor Dorim".
(c) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who die from
intestinal sickness (the pain atones for transgressions).
1. It was taught that most Tzadikim die from intestinal
sickness.
(d) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who die on the
way to a Mitzvah (Maharsha - at the time of doing a
Mitzvah - Sheluchei Mitzvah are not harmed on account of
engaging in the Mitzvah, but there is no blanket
protection from any harm at the time).
(e) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who bring in
Shabbos early in Tiverya (it is in a valley, it gets dark
very early), and those who end Shabbos late in Tzipori
(it is elevated, and it is very late when it gets dark)!
(f) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among Moshivei Beis
ha'Medrash (Rashi - those who arouse Talmidim to come;
Maharsha - those who sit, they are not quick to leave),
not among Ma'amidei Beis ha'Medrash (those who tell them
to leave [to eat]; Maharsha - those who stand).
(g) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who collect
Tzedakah (one who causes others to give is greater than
one who gives - Bava Basra 9A), not among those who
distribute Tzedakah (it is hard to know how much to give
to each Oni).
(h) (R. Yosi): May my portion be among those who are wrongly
suspected of transgressing.
1. (Rav Papa): People wrongly suspected me.
(i) (R. Yosi): I did five Bi'os (acts of relations),
producing five great Chachamim in Yisrael.
1. Question: Who are they?
2. Answer: R. Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi, R. Elazar b'Rebbi
Yosi, R. Chalafta b'Rebbi Yosi, R, Avtilas b'Rebbi
Yosi and R. Menachem b'Rebbi Yosi.
3. Question: There was also Vardimus!
4. Answer: Vardimus is Menachem - he is called Vardimus
because his face was [pink] like Varad (a rose).
(j) Question: [Surely, 'I did five Bi'os' teaches that he had
relations only five times, and each resulted in a Chacham
-] did R. Yosi not fulfill the Mitzvah of Onah (having
relations with his wives regularly)?!
(k) Correction: Rather, five times he did Bi'ah and repeated
the act [to help cause the children to be males].
(l) (R. Yosi): I always call my wife 'my house' (she conducts
the whole house), I always call my ox 'my field' (the
produce is due to its strength).
(m) (R. Yosi): I never looked at my Milah (Ever).
(n) Question: Rebbi [Yehudah ha'Nasi] was called Rabbeinu
ha'Kodesh because he never looked at his Milah - R. Yosi
should have also received this title!
(o) Answer: Rebbi had another attribute - he never put his
hands below his belt (to distance himself from things
that arouse lust).
(p) (R. Yosi): The rafters of my house never saw the fringes
of my garment (he would remove it only under a sheet, for
Tzeni'us).
(q) (R. Yosi): I never transgressed the words of my
colleagues:
1. I know that I am not a Kohen - nevertheless, if they
would tell me go to the Duchan [at the time of]
Birkas Kohanim, I would go! (Maharsha - he would
ascend the Duchan, but he would not say the
Berachos, a Yisrael is forbidden to do so. Tosfos
ha'Rosh - this is just a parable for how far he
would go to comply.)
(r) (R. Yosi): I never said something and retracted [when the
one I spoke about came. Alternatively - I never said
something and turned around to see if the one I spoke
about was there. Maharsha - R. Yosi permits statements
like, "There is fire in Ploni's house" - surely, if Ploni
was there, it was not said in a negative way.]
4) "MITZVOS" THAT THE "CHACHAMIM" WERE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL ABOUT
(a) (Rav Nachman): I will receive (Rashi - reward; Maharsha -
help from Hashem) for fulfilling three meals on Shabbos.
(b) (Rav Yehudah): I will receive for concentration in
prayer.
(c) (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Yehoshua): I will receive for not
going four Amos with my head exposed. (Maharshal
(Teshuvah 72) - this shows that this is only Midas
Chasidus. Taz (O.C. 8:3) - now that baring the head is a
Nochri rite, it is letter of the law.)
(d) (Rav Sheshes): I will receive for fulfilling the Mitzvah
of Tefilin (not going four Amos without them).
(e) (Rav Nachman): I will receive for fulfilling the Mitzvah
of Tzitzis.
(f) Rav Yosef (to Rabah's son): What was your father most
careful about?
(g) Rabah's son: He was very careful about Tzitzis - once he
was ascending a ladder, and his Tzitzis snapped - he did
not descend until he put in a new thread to fix it.
(h) (Abaye): I will receive, for when I see a Chacham finish
learning a Maseches [by heart], I make a celebration for
Rabanan.
(i) (Rava): I will receive, for when a Chacham comes in front
of me for judgment, I do not sleep until I investigate
all angles to vindicate him.
(j) (Mar bar Rav Ashi): I am disqualified from judging a
Chacham - I love him like myself, and a person does not
see fault in himself!
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
daf at dafyomi.co.il, http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Shabbos 119
1) HOW THE "CHACHAMIM" PREPARED FOR SHABBOS
(a) R. Chanina would dress nicely at the coming of Shabbos,
and say 'Come, let us go to greet Shabbos the queen!'
(b) R. Yanai would get dressed and say 'Come bride, come
bride!'
(c) Rabah bar Rav Huna visited the house of Rabah bar Rav
Nachman; they brought three Sa'im of wafers with oil (so
he could choose the nicest).
(d) Rabah bar Rav Huna: Did you prepare because you knew that
I was coming?
(e) Rabah bar Rav Nachman: Are you more important than
Shabbos?! (We prepared to honor Shabbos.)
(f) R. Aba bought 13 Dinars of beef from 13 butchers (to
taste from the best); he would pay them at the door
(alternatively - he would bring meat to the door of his
house, and before going to buy more, he would command his
servants) and say 'Hurry up'!
(g) R. Avahu would sit on an ivory chair and fan the fire;
(h) Rav Anan would wear black garments on Erev Shabbos (to
show that we do not consider ourselves too important to
engage in cooking);
1. (Tana d'vei R. Yishmael): One should not mix a cup
for his master in the same garments he wore while
cooking food.
(i) Rav Safra would roast the head of an animal, Rava would
salt a fish, Rav Huna would light the lamp, Rav Papa
would twine wicks, Rav Chisda would cut beets, Rabah and
Rav Yosef would chop wood, R. Zeira would kindle the fire
with twigs;
(j) Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak would go back and forth carrying
nice Kelim and foods to get ready - he said, if R. Ami
and R. Asi were coming, I would toil like this for them
(all the more so, I should do so for Shabbos)!
(k) A certain man Yosef was known to cherish Shabbos;
astrologers told a rich Nochri in his neighborhood that
Yosef will consume all of his wealth (Maharsha - he
already spent the amount of your wealth to honor Shabbos,
he will be paid back). The Nochri sold all his
possessions and bought a gem; he made a setting for it in
his hat and put it there.
(l) When the Nochri was crossing a bridge; a wind blew his
hat into the river; a fish ate the gem.
(m) The fish was caught on Erev Shabbos; people told the one
who caught it to see if Yosef would buy it. He did; he
found the gem inside, he sold it for gold coins that
filled 13 attics.
(n) An elder: He who borrows to honor Shabbos is paid back by
Shabbos!
2) HONORING SHABBOS THROUGH EATING
(a) Question (Rebbi): What is the merit of rich people in
Eretz Yisrael?
(b) Answer (R. Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi): They take Ma'aser - it
says "Aser Te'aser" - tithe in order that Tis'asher (you
will become rich).
(c) Question (Rebbi): What is the merit of rich people in
Bavel?
(d) Answer (R. Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi): They honor Torah.
(e) Question (Rebbi): What is the merit of rich people in
other places?
(f) Answer (R. Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi): They honor Shabbos;
1. (R. Chiya bar Aba): I was once hosted by a man in
Ludkiyah; they brought in front of him a gold table
which had to be carried by 16 people. Sixteen silver
chains were fixed in it, bowls, cups, flasks and
plates were fixed in it, and all kinds of special
foods and spices.
2. When they bring it they say "La'Shem ha'Aretz
u'Mlo'ah"; when they remove it they say "Ha'Shomayim
Shomayim la'Shem veha'Aretz Nosan li'Vnei Adam".
3. I asked him how he merited this. He told me that he
was a butcher; he would save every nice animal for
Shabbos. I blessed him.
(g) Question (Kaiser): Why do Tavshilim of Shabbos smell so
nice?
(h) Answer (R. Yehoshua): We have a special spice called
Sheves (dill) which we put into it.
(i) Kaiser: Give us some of it!
(j) Yehoshua: It only works for one who guards Shabbos.
(k) Question (Reish Galusa): [It already says "V'Korasa
la'Shabos Oneg" -] what does "Li'Kdosh Hashem Mechubad"
refer to?
(l) Answer (Rav Hamnuna): This refers to Yom Kipur, on which
we do not eat or drink - the Torah tells us to honor it
with clean clothing.
(m) (Rav): "V'Chibadto" - you should honor Shabbos by eating
the meal earlier than on a weekday;
(n) (Shmuel): You should eat later than on a weekday. (He and
Rav do not argue, both hold like Rav Papa below.)
(o) Question (Benei Rav Papa bar Aba): We have meat and wine
all week long - how should we make Shabbos different?
(p) Answer (Rav Papa): If you normally eat early, eat later
on Shabbos; if you normally eat late, eat earlier.
(q) In summer, Rav Sheshes would seat Talmidim [on Shabbos]
in a place where the sun would beat on them [at a proper
time to leave to eat; Ben Yehoyada - they would not
leave, just they would move around, so Rav Sheshes (who
was blind) would realize that it was time to stop
teaching]; in winter he sat them where they would be in
the shade [and get cold].
119b-----------119b
(r) When R. Zeira would see pairs of Talmidim learning on
Shabbos, he would tell them not to Mechalel Shabbos (by
neglecting to eat).
3) OTHER WAYS TO HONOR SHABBOS
(a) (Rava): Even someone praying alone on Shabbos night must
say "Va'Ychulu [ha'Shomayim veha'Aretz...]"
1. (Rav Hamnuna): If one says "Va'Ychulu" on Shabbos
night, the Torah considers him a partner in creation
- we read it 'Va'Yichlu' - they (Hashem and this
person) finished. Maharsha - he publicizes that
Hashem created the world.)
(b) Question (R. Elazar): What is the source that speech is
like an action (Anaf Yosef - so one's speech is
restricted on Shabbos, just like his actions)?
(c) Answer: "Bi'Dvar Hashem Shomayim Na'asu".
(d) (Rav Chisda): If one says "Va'Ychulu" on Shabbos night,
the two angels that accompany a person on Shabbos put
their hands on his head and say "V'Sar Avonecha
v'Chatosecha Techupar". (Ben Yehoyada - his sins are
forgiven in order that he will be considered a Kosher
witness; Etz Yosef - it is very difficult to guard
oneself from transgressing Shabbos - he merits help from
Shomayim not to sin, even b'Shogeg.)
(e) (Beraisa): On Shabbos, when a person leaves synagogue he
is accompanied by one good angel and one bad angel;
1. If when he comes home the Ner is lit, the table and
beds are set, the good angel prays that it should be
this way next Shabbos - the bad angel must answer
'Amen' against his will; if not, the bad angel prays
that it should be this way next Shabbos - the good
angel must answer 'Amen' against his will.
(f) (R. Elazar): One should always set his table on Erev
Shabbos [for the evening meal], even if he only plans to
eat k'Zayis;
(g) (R. Chanina): One should always set his table on Motzei
Shabbos [for a meal, like one escorts a king when he
leaves], even if he only plans to eat k'Zayis.
(h) [On Motzei Shabbos, drinking and washing with] hot water,
and eating hot bread heal;
(i) On Motzei Shabbos they would prepare a calf that was a
third grown (alternatively - third born from its mother)
for R. Avahu - he would eat the kidney;
(j) When his son Avimi grew up he suggested that they could
spare this expense by saving a kidney [from what was
prepared for the sake of Shabbos] for Motzei Shabbos.
They did so - a lion came and ate it (i.e. a calf, in
place of what he normally slaughtered on Motzei Shabbos).
(k) (R. Yehoshua ben Levi): If one answers 'Amen Yehei Shmei
Raba' will all his Ko'ach (concentration), harsh decrees
against him are torn up (Rashi; Maharsha - if one answers
'Amen Yehei Shmei Raba', Hashem uses all His Ko'ach
("Yigdal Na Ko'ach Hashem" - Bamidbar 14:17) to tear
harsh decrees against him.)
1. "Bi'fro'a Pera'os b'Yisrael b'Hisnadev Am Borachu
Hashem" - the reason the decrees were cancelled is
because they blessed Hashem.
(l) (R. Chiya bar Aba): Even if he did idolatry, he will be
forgiven - it says here "Bi'fro'a", like [it says
regarding the golden calf], "Ki Faru'a Hu".
(m) (Reish Lakish): If one answers 'Amen' with all his
Ko'ach, gates of Gan Eden are opened for him [to enter] -
"Pischu She'arim v'Yavo Goy Tzadik *Shomer Emunim* - we
read this 'she'Omrim Amen'.
(n) Question: What does 'Amen' mean?
(o) Answer (R. Chanina): It is the acronym of 'Kel Melech
Ne'eman'. (Tosfos - one should have this in mind when
saying it.)
4) CAUSES OF THE "CHURBAN"
(a) (Rav Yehudah brei d'Rav Shmuel): Fires are common only in
a place where Shabbos is desecrated - "V'Im Lo Sishme'u
Elai Lekadesh Es Yom ha'Shabbos...v'Hitzati Esh...v'Lo
Sichveh".
(b) Question: What does it mean "V'Lo Sichveh"?
(c) Answer (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): It will be at a time
when people are not around to extinguish it.
(d) (Abaye): Yerushalayim was destroyed on account of Chilul
Shabbos - "Umi'Shabsosai Helimu Eineihem va'Echal
b'Socham".
(e) (R. Avahu): Yerushalayim was destroyed because they
neglected to say Shma morning and evening - it says "Hoy
Mashkimei va'Boker Shechar Yirdofu", and "V'Hayah Chinor
va'Nevel...v'El Po'al Hashem Lo Yabitu" (they do not
declare His unity over His creations) - "Lachen Golah Ami
mi'Bli Da'as".
(f) (Rav Hamnuna): Yerushalayim was destroyed because they
stopped children from learning from their Rebbi -
"Shefoch Al Olal ba'Chutz" - the anger was poured out
because children were outside.
(g) (Ula): Yerushalayim was destroyed because people felt no
shame in front of each other - "Hovishu Ki So'evah Asu
Gam Bosh Lo Yevoshu".
(h) (R. Yitzchak): Yerushalayim was destroyed because they
equated small people to important people - "V'Hayah
Cha'Am ka'Kohen; Hibok Tibok ha'Aretz".
(i) (Rav Amram): Yerushalayim was destroyed because people
did not rebuke each other - "Hayu Sareha k'Ayalim Lo
Motz'u Mir'eh" - just like one ram's head is next to
another's tail, Yisrael of that generation buried their
faces in the ground and did not rebuke each other.
(j) (Rav Yehudah): Yerushalayim was destroyed because they
disgraced Chachamim - "V'Yihyu Mal'ivim b'Malachei Elokim
u'Vozim Devarav umi'Tate'im bi'Nvi'av Ad Alos Chamas
Hashem..."
1. Question: What does it "Ad Ein Marpei"?
2. Answer (Rav Yehudah): If one disgraces Chachamim,
there is no cure for his affliction.
(k) Question (Rav Yehudah): What does it mean "Al Tig'u
bi'Mshichai uvi'Nvi'ai Al Tare'u"?
(l) (Reish Lakish): The world endures only on account of the
breath (words) of children learning from their Rebbi.
(m) Rav Papa (to Abaye): Why isn't our Torah good enough?
(n) Abaye: You cannot compare breath [from a mouth] that
sinned to breath free of sin.
(o) (Reish Lakish): We do not interrupt children learning
from their Rebbi, even to build the Beis ha'Mikdash.
(p) Reish Lakish (to R. Yehudah Nesi'ah): I have a tradition
from my (alternatively - your) fathers that any city
without children learning from their Rebbi will be
destroyed [with a remnant];
(q) (Ravina): It will be destroyed without a remnant.
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
daf at dafyomi.co.il, http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Shabbos 120
1) DID ANY HONEST PEOPLE REMAIN AT THE TIME OF THE "CHURBAN"?
(a) (Rava): Yerushalayim was destroyed because faithful
people ceased from it - "...U'Vakshu bi'Rchovoseha Im
Timtze'u ...Oseh Mishpat Mevakesh Emunah v'Eslach Lah".
(b) Question: But Rav Katina taught that even when
Yerushalayim stumbled, faithful people did not cease from
it - "...Simlah Lechah Katzin Tihyeh Lanu" - you know
matters that others seek to cover up [their ignorance
about them] like with a garment;
1. "Veha'Machshelah ha'Zos Tachas Yadecha" - you know
matters that others understand only after stumbling
in them, so you will be our leader.
2. "Yisa va'Yom ha'Hu Leimor Lo Ehyeh Chovesh..." -
Yisa refers to an oath, "Lo Sisa Es Shem Hashem
Elokecha la'Shav";
3. "Lo Ehyeh Chovesh [uv'Veisi Ein Lechem]" - I am not
the type that locks himself in the Beis Medrash
[even] when he has no bread in the house;
4. "V'Ein Simlah" - I do not know written Torah,
Mishnah, or Gemara. (This shows that there were
honest people)!
5. Suggestion: Perhaps they were not honest, just they
were afraid to lie, lest they be asked to teach!
6. Rejection: If so, they could have said 'I learned,
but I forgot' - "Lo Ehyeh Chovesh" implies that he
never learned!
(c) Answer: They were honest about Torah, but dishonest in
business.
2) HOW MUCH MAY ONE SAVE ON SHABBOS?
(a) (Mishnah): We may save a whole basket of loaves [from a
fire], even if it has enough for 100 meals, or a [big]
ring of figs or barrel of wine;
(b) One may tell others 'Come save for yourselves' - if they
are clever, after Shabbos they will make a calculation
with him.
(c) Question: To where may we save?
(d) Answer #1: We may save to a Chatzer that has an Eiruv;
(e) Answer #2 (Ben Beseira): We may save even to a Chatzer
without an Eiruv;
(f) Also, one may also save to there all Kelim that he uses
[for eating and needs for Shabbos];
(g) He may wear and wrap himself with as much as he can;
(h) R. Yosi says, he may not wear more than 18 garments;
(i) He may remove the clothes [in a safe place] and return to
wear other clothes [standing to be burned. Rambam - R.
Yosi teaches this; Rashi - the first Tana teaches this.]
(j) He may tell others 'Come save with me'.
(k) (Gemara) Question: The Reisha permits saving only enough
for three meals!
(l) Answer #1 (Rav Huna): One may save one basket, even if it
has a lot; Lekapel (Rashi (19B) - to gather baskets in
one big Kli; Tosfos - to save and go back and save
again), he may save only enough for three meals.
(m) Answer #2 (R. Aba bar Zavda): Both discuss Lekapel -
there is no limit when saving to the same Chatzer, he may
save only for three meals to another Chatzer.
(n) Question (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Yehoshua): If one spread
his garment and put (Tosfos; Rashi - emptied) many Kelim
into it, what is the law?
1. Is this like saving one Kli, or like Lekapel
(because it is many exertions)?
(o) Answer: [A Beraisa teaches that if a barrel broke on the
roof, one may bring and put a on the ground Rav Shizbi
taught Rav Chisda 'on condition that he does not bring a
Kli that holds more than three meals', and Rava said that
this is a mistake (a big Kli is permitted) - this shows
that it is like saving.
(p) Question (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): Why is Rav Shizbi
wrong?
(q) Answer (Rava - Seifa of Beraisa): He may not bring
another Kli to catch the falling stream in midair or
where it leaves the roof.
1. Inference: Another Kli is forbidden, but the first
Kli may be any size!
3) OTHERS THAT HELP TO SAVE FROM A FIRE ON SHABBOS
(a) (Mishnah): A ring of figs...[after Shabbos they make a
calculation with him].
(b) Question: What do they calculate? What they took was
Hefker (Rashi - for he said 'Save for yourselves'; Ran -
because the owner may not save more himself)!
(c) Answer #1 (Rav Chisda): The Mishnah discusses Midas
Chasidus (they go beyond the letter of the law - they
return the food to him and he pays them for their toil).
(d) Objection (Rava): A Chasid would not take wages for what
he did on Shabbos!
(e) Answer #2 (Rava): The Mishnah discusses one who fears
Shomayim - he does not want to benefit from another [who
was forced to Mafkir his food] - however, he does not
want to [go beyond the letter of the law and] go
unrewarded for his toil;
1. It teaches that if they are clever, and know that
this is not wages for Shabbos, after Shabbos they
will make a calculation with him.
(f) (Mishnah) Question: To where may we save?...
(g) Question: Why does it say in the Reisha 'Save for
yourselves', and in the Seifa 'Save with me'?
(h) Answer: Regarding food, the owner cannot take more than
three meals [the rest is Hefker] - regarding clothing,
there is no limit to how much he can save.
(i) (Beraisa - R. Meir): He may wear [clothes], go out, and
remove them; wear, go out, and remove them, the whole
day;
(j) R. Yosi says, he may not wear more than 18 garments - a
cloak, a housecoat (worn under a cloak), a money belt, a
close-fitting linen jacket, an undershirt, a sheet worn
as a cloak, a scarf, two garter belts, two shoes, two
socks, two gaiters (garments that go over the shoe and
cover the leg), a belt on his loins, a hat, and a cloth
on his neck (to clean his mouth and eyes).
4) THINGS THAT MIGHT EXTINGUISH FIRE
(a) (Mishnah - R. Shimon ben Nanas): One may spread a [moist]
kid's skin over a box that caught fire, because it gets
charred [but does not burn, it will save the rest of the
box];
(b) One may make a Mechitzah with any Kli, whether it is full
[of water] or empty, to prevent the fire from spreading;
(c) R. Yosi forbids new Klei Cheres full of water, for they
will break and extinguish the fire.
(d) (Gemara - Rav Yehudah): If one end of a Talis caught
fire, one may put water on the other side - if it
extinguishes, this is no problem.
(e) Question (Beraisa): If one end of a Talis caught fire,
one may take it off and put it on again - if it
extinguishes, this is no problem.
120b-----------120b
(f) Answer: Rav Yehudah holds like Ben Nanas.
(g) Question: Ben Nanas permits spreading a skin because it
gets charred [and contains the fire] - does he permit
Geram [causing] to extinguish?!
(h) Answer: Yes - in the Seifa, R. Yosi forbids new Klei
Cheres full of water, for they will break and extinguish
the fire - this implies that the first Tana permits!
(i) (Beraisa): If a lamp is on a board, one may shake the
board and it will fall - if it extinguishes, this is no
problem.
(j) (D'vei R. Yanai): This is only if he forgot it - if he
intentionally left it on the board, the board is a Bosis
for Isur (the lamp, so he may not shake the board).
(k) (Beraisa): If a lamp is in back of a door, one may open
and close it normally - if the lamp extinguishes, this is
no problem.
(l) Rav cursed those who ruled according to this Beraisa.
(m) Question (Ravina): Why did Rav curse them?
1. Suggestion: Rav holds like R. Yehudah (who forbids
Davar she'Eino Miskaven), the Beraisa is like R.
Shimon (who permits).
2. Rejection: That is no reason to curse them!
(n) Answer (Rav Acha brei d'Rava): Even R. Shimon forbids
this;
1. (Abaye and Rava): R. Shimon agrees that a Pesik
Reisha is forbidden.
(o) (Rav Yehudah): One may open and close a door in front of
a bonfire on Shabbos (even though a gust could fan the
fire).
(p) Abaye cursed those ruled like this.
(q) Question: What is the case?
1. If a normal wind is blowing, why does Abaye forbid
(it is unlikely to fan the fire)?!
2. If an unusually strong wind is blowing, why does Rav
Yehudah permit?!
(r) Answer: A normal wind is blowing - Abaye decrees lest one
will open even when a very strong wind blows, Rav Yehudah
does not decree.
5) "GRAMA"
(a) (Mishnah): One may make a Mechitzah...
(b) Inference: Chachamim permit Gram Kivuy (causing to
extinguish), R. Yosi forbids.
(c) Question: Elsewhere, they taught oppositely!
1. (Beraisa): One may make a Mechitzah with empty Kelim
or with full Kelim that don't usually break, i.e.
metal Kelim;
2. R. Yosi says, even [earthenware] Kelim of [clay of]
Kefar Sichin and Kefar Chananyah don't usually
break. (He is more lenient than Chachamim!)
3. Suggestion: We can switch the opinions in our
Mishnah (R. Yosi permits causing to extinguish,
Chachamim forbid); in the Beraisa, R. Yosi addresses
Chachamim according to their reasoning. (I permit
causing to extinguish - even though you forbid; you
should permit Kelim of Kefar Sichin, for they don't
usually break!)
4. Rejection: Rabah bar Tachlifa taught that R. Yosi
forbids causing to extinguish!
(d) Answer: We do not switch the Mishnah; the entire Beraisa
is R. Yosi, it is abbreviated, it means as follows:
1. (Beraisa): One may make a Mechitzah with empty Kelim
or with full Kelim that don't usually break, e.g.
metal Kelim;
2. Also Kelim of Kefar Sichin and Kefar Chananyah may
be used, for they don't usually break - R. Yosi
taught this.
(e) Contradiction: Chachamim and R. Yosi both contradict
themselves!
1. (Beraisa): If Hashem's name was written on a person
he may not wash or anoint [lest this erase His name]
or stand in a filthy place (it is disgraceful to His
name);
2. If he has a Mitzvah to immerse, he wraps a reed
around it and immerses;
3. R. Yosi says, he immerses normally, as long as he
does not rub it.
(f) Resolution (for R. Yosi): Erasing Hashem's name is
different, for it says "V'Ibadtem Es Shemam...; Lo
*Sa'asun* Ken la'Shem Elokeichem" - explicitly erasing
the name is forbidden, Grama is permitted.
(g) Question: Also regarding Shabbos, it says "Lo Sa'aseh
Chol Melachah" - we should likewise expound, doing is
forbidden, Grama is permitted!
(h) Answer: Because a person is frantic about [losing] his
money, if we permit Grama he may overtly extinguish.
(i) Question: If so, the contradiction in Chachamim is even
stronger!
1. Chachamim permit Grama regarding Shabbos, even
though people are frantic about money - all the more
so they should permit it regarding erasing Hashem's
name!
(j) Counter-question: Surely, Chachamim do not require the
reed on account of Chatzitzah - it would not help!
1. If it is tight, it is a Chatzitzah; if it is not
tight, water will go through (and erase His name)!
2. Question: Why are we concerned that the reed is
Chotzetz - the ink [of His name] itself is Chotzetz!
3. Answer: The case is, the ink is moist.
i. (Beraisa): The following are a Chatzizah if
they are dry, not if they are wet - blood, ink,
honey, and [a woman's] milk.
(k) Answer (Rabah bar Shila): Chachamim forbid immersing
because one may not be naked in front of Hashem's name.
(l) Question: Does R. Yosi permit to be naked in front of
Hashem's name?!
(m) Answer #1: No, he covers the name with his hand.
1. Question: Chachamim should also permit this!
2. Answer: They forbid, lest he forget and remove his
hand.
3. Objection: R. Yosi should also be concerned for
this!
(n) Answer #2: All agree that if a reed is available, he must
use it - they argue about whether or not he must toil to
find a reed:
1. R. Yosi holds that Tevilah bi'Zmanah (to immerse at
the first opportunity to become Tahor) is a Mitzvah
- therefore, if he cannot find one, he immerses
without it.
2. Chachamim hold that Tevilah bi'Zmanah Lav Mitzvah -
therefore, if he cannot find one, he waits until the
morrow.
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